How to Calculate the Percentage Return of a T-Bill | The Motley Fool (2024)

Since treasuries have become significantly more attractive over the past 18 months, it's important to know how to calculate the percentage return of a Treasury bill. You should also know how to compare them effectively against other types of securities.

Here, we'll go step-by-step through the Treasury bill calculations.

How to Calculate the Percentage Return of a T-Bill | The Motley Fool (1)

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What is a Treasury bill?

What is a Treasury bill?

A Treasury bill is a short-term government bond with a maturity of less than one year. Treasury bills, or T-bills, pay no interest but are sold at a discount to face value. For example, a bill with a redemption value of $1,000 might sell for $985 at auction.

You won't receive ongoing interest payments, but at maturity, you will receive an amount reflecting a certain investment return. Unlike stocks, T-bill investments are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government.

Step 1: Calculating T-Bill yield

Step 1: Calculate the Treasury bill's yield

First, gather some key information about the bill you're trying to analyze. This includes:

  • The bill's purchase price
  • The bill's purchase date
  • The bill's maturity date

For ease of calculation, the bill's par value is expressed as 100 in the annualized yield calculation, and the bill's purchase price is expressed as a number less than 100 to reflect the implied discount.

To calculate yield, subtract the bill's purchase price from its face value and then divide the result by the bill's purchase price. Finally, multiply your answer by 100 to convert it to a percentage. The image below provides a visual of this formula.

How to Calculate the Percentage Return of a T-Bill | The Motley Fool (2)

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Step 2: Annualize the T-Bill's yield

Step 2: Annualize the Treasury bill's yield

After you've found the Treasury bill's yield, multiply it by 365 and divide the result by the bill's days to maturity. The result will provide an annualized yield that will allow you to compare bills and other securities more easily.

Step 3: An Example

Step 3: Run an example

Say you were evaluating a Treasury bill with a 26-week maturity and a price of $97.

First, to calculate the bond's yield, you'd subtract 97 from 100 and divide by 97. From there, you'd multiply by 100 to arrive at a yield of 3.09%.

To annualize the bill's yield, multiply 3.09% by 365, and then divide the result by 182 (the bill's number of days to maturity) to arrive at an annualized yield of 6.2%.

This may seem like an unrealistic yield, but since interest rates have risen in 2023, Treasury bill rates have begun to approach 6% for the first time in many years.

Related investing topics

The bottom line on T-bill returns

T-bills have only recently come back into focus after over a decade of minuscule returns. Today, they can make up a meaningful part of your portfolio, particularly if you're approaching or in retirement.

In 2023, it's key to understand how to calculate and annualize T-bill returns so you're able to make informed decisions for your portfolio. Take an active part in analyzing potential investments to create a financial plan that works for you.

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How to Calculate the Percentage Return of a T-Bill | The Motley Fool (2024)

FAQs

How do you calculate the rate of return on a T-bill? ›

To calculate yield, subtract the bill's purchase price from its face value and then divide the result by the bill's purchase price. Finally, multiply your answer by 100 to convert it to a percentage.

What is the average rate of return on the T-bill? ›

Basic Info. 3 Month Treasury Bill Rate is at 5.25%, compared to 5.25% the previous market day and 5.08% last year. This is higher than the long term average of 4.19%. The 3 Month Treasury Bill Rate is the yield received for investing in a government issued treasury security that has a maturity of 3 months.

What is the T-bill calculator in Excel? ›

The TBILLYIELD Function[1] is categorized under Excel FINANCIAL functions. It will calculate the yield on a Treasury bill. In financial analysis, TBILLYIELD can be useful in calculating the yield on a Treasury bill when we are given the start date, end date, and price.

What is one downside to investing in treasuries? ›

So, the risks to investing in T-bonds are opportunity risks. That is, the investor might have gotten a better return elsewhere, and only time will tell. The dangers lie in three areas: inflation, interest rate risk, and opportunity costs.

What is an example of rate of return calculation? ›

What is a Rate of Return?
  • (($15 + $1 – $10) / $10) x 100 = 60% ...
  • 10 shares x ($1 annual dividend x 2) = $20 in dividends from 10 shares. ...
  • 10 shares x $25 = $250 (Gain from selling 10 shares) ...
  • 10 shares x $20 = $200 (Cost of purchasing 10 shares) ...
  • = (($250 + $20 – $200) / $200) x 100 = 35%

How do you calculate market value of T bills? ›

Take the number of days until the Treasury bill matures and multiply it by the interest rate in percent. Take the result and divide it by 360, as the Treasury uses interest-rate assumptions using the common accounting standard of 360-day years. Then, subtract the resulting number from 100.

How to calculate the average return for treasury bills and the average annual inflation rate? ›

The average inflation rate and return of Treasury bills can be calculated as: Average Treasury Bill Return = + T n ) / n , where: Ta is the average Treasury bill return.

What is unique about the T bill return? ›

T-bills pay a fixed rate of interest, which can provide a stable income. However, if interest rates rise, existing T-bills fall out of favor since their return is less than the market. T-bills have interest rate risk, which means there is a risk that existing bondholders might lose out on higher rates in the future.

What are the rates on 6 month T-bills? ›

6 Month Treasury Bill Rate is at 5.15%, compared to 5.16% the previous market day and 4.89% last year. This is higher than the long term average of 4.49%. The 6 Month Treasury Bill Rate is the yield received for investing in a US government issued treasury bill that has a maturity of 6 months.

How do you use the T formula in Excel? ›

(i) Microsoft Excel

You need to write the function in cell B2 as =T(A2) and press enter. Since the function tests and confirms whether the value is text or not it shall return the text string as is because “Microsoft Excel” is text.

Can you lose money on T-bills? ›

The No. 1 advantage that T-bills offer relative to other investments is the fact that there's virtually zero risk that you'll lose your initial investment.

How much does a $1000 T bill cost? ›

A $1,000 26-week bill sells at auction for a discount rate of 0.145%. The formula shows that the bill sells for $999.27, giving you a discount of $0.73. When you get $1,000 after 26 weeks, you have earned $0.73 in "interest."

Are T-bills better than CDs? ›

Choosing between a CD and Treasuries depends on how long of a term you want. For terms of one to six months, as well as 10 years, rates are close enough that Treasuries are the better pick. For terms of one to five years, CDs are currently paying more, and it's a large enough difference to give them the edge.

Is T Bill a good investment? ›

While interest rates and inflation can affect Treasury bill rates, they're generally considered a lower-risk (but lower-reward) investment than other debt securities. Treasury bills are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. If held to maturity, T-bills are considered virtually risk-free.

What is the T bill yield for 2 years? ›

Basic Info

2 Year Treasury Rate is at 4.87%, compared to 4.80% the previous market day and 3.89% last year.

What is the average monthly T bill rate? ›

Basic Info

1 Month Treasury Rate is at 5.51%, compared to 5.51% the previous market day and 5.76% last year. This is higher than the long term average of 1.45%.

What is the T bill investment rate? ›

Treasury securities
This WeekMonth Ago
182-day T-bill auction avg disc rate5.1555.12
One-Year MTA5.1535.114
Two-Year Treasury Constant Maturity4.844.74
Five-Year Treasury Constant Maturity4.494.37
4 more rows

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